Hydrochemical Assessment Of Jhilmila Lake, Kanchanpur, Nepal

Freshwater contamination remains a challenging issue for the sustainable management of wetland ecosystems. This study aims to evaluate water quality Jhilmila Lake, Kanchanpur, Nepal by adopting standard test procedures, geochemical indices, and multivariate statistical analysis. The surface samples were collected during postmonsoon season in 2018 assess hydrochemical parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS) oxygen (DO), ammonium (NH4+ ), sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), chloride (Cl-), sulphate (SO42-), nitrate (NO3-), phosphate (PO43-), bicarbonate (HCO3-) hardness (TH). EC ranged from 162-190 µS/cm while TDS was 87-101 mg/L. concentration DO lake range 4.77-6.21 mg/L, indicated mild organic pollution. Moreover, results revealed moderate alkaline nature with pattern average ionic dominance Ca2+>Na+>Mg2+ >K+>NH4+ cations, HCO3?> Cl-> SO42- > NO3- PO43- anions. principal component analysis demonstrated four major components indicating association EC, TDS, Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3- ; Na+ , SO42-; K+ Cl- PC1, PC2, PC3, PC4, respectively exhibiting both geogenic anthropic origin. Overall, Lake less polluted, all measured found within permissible limits terms drinking purposes. findings this could help providing better insights into hydrochemistry lake.